Abstract
This commentary article explores one of the most important philosophical problems underlying the inequality of school achievement. If the inequality of school achievement is to be adequately addressed then it must begin with causes. The widely accepted conceptual framework within which the problem and its solutions are framed is the within/beyond school dualism. This commentary reviews New Zealand education policy historically and in recent times to argue for a proximal-distal continuum as a better way to conceptualise the inequality of school achievement.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of their publications.
Author and users are free to:
- Share
copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format - Adapt
remix, transform, and build upon the material
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Attribution
You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your useNonCommercial
You may not use the material for commercial purposes.ShareAlike
If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
